Table 1: Enjoying Their Stay

Selected persistences of microbial pathogens on dry surfaces.

Type of bacterium Duration of persistence (range)
Clostridium difficile (spores) 5 months
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 7 days to 6 months
Escherichia coli 1.5 hours to 16 months
Haemophilus influenzae 12 days
Klebsiella spp. 2 hours to more than 30 months
Listeria spp. 1 day to 4 months
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 1 day to 4 months
Neisseria gonorrhoeae 1 to 3 days
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 6 hours to 16 months; on dry floor: 5 weeks
Salmonella typhi 6 hours to 4 weeks
Salmonella typhimurium 10 days to 4.2 years
Shigella spp. 2 days to 5 months
Staphylococcus aureus, including
methicillin-resistant strands
7 days to 7 months
Streptococcus pneumoniae 1 to 20 days
Streptococcus pyogenes 3 days to 6.5 months
Vibrio cholerae 1 to 7 days

Type of virus Duration of persistence (range)
Adenovirus 7 days to 3 months
Coronavirus 3 hours
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 72 to 96 hours
Coxsackie virus greater than 2 weeks
Cytomegalovirus Echovirus 8 hours
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) more than 1 week
Herpes simplex virus, type 1 and 2 4.5 hours to 8 weeks
Influenza virus 1 to 2 days
Norovirus and feline calicivirus (FCV) 8 hours to 7 days
Papillomavirus 16 more than 7 days
Parvovirus more than 1 year
Poliovirus type 1 4 hours to less than 8 days
Poliovirus type 2 1 day to 8 weeks
Pseudorabies virus greater than or equal to 7 days
Respiratory syncytial virus up to 6 hours
Rhinovirus 2 hours to 7 days
Rotavirus 6 to 60 days
Vaccinia virus 3 weeks to more than 20 weeks